Aerobiology of Cupressaceae in Porto city, Portugal
In the last years, pollen-related metabolism allergies have multiplied worldwide. within the case of gymnosperm family spore, allergic reaction symptoms showing throughout the winter ar usually confused with generic metabolism diseases like the cold, respiratory illness syndrome, among others. The aim of our study was to observe the region of gymnosperm family spore within the town of city, investigate its fluctuation, yet as notice the meteoric factors influencing its region concentration. mobile spore sampling was performed employing a 7-day Hirst-type meter reproductive structure entice for five years (2013–2017). gymnosperm family main spore season, interannual and diurnal variations, yet as correlations with the meteoric parameters were determined. throughout the study amount, 2015 was the year that registered the best annual spore concentration, whereas 2016 given very cheap. gymnosperm family spore season occurred throughout the winter, being Feb the month with the best concentration. The diurnal distribution pattern presents a well-defined peak concentration within the morning hours (9 a.m.–12 a.m.), that decays suddenly within the early afternoon. Finally, mobile spore concentration and meteoric factors given vital correlations, with temperature being the foremost incoming variable. [1]
Aerobiology applied to the preventive conservation of cultural heritage
This work aims to provide an historical overview on aerobiology applied to the preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Bioaerosol represents a potential risk to cultural artifacts since in favorable nutritional and microclimatic conditions the settled biological particulate matter can develop and grow, thus triggering the biodeterioration. Aerobiology has become an important discipline for developing prevention and control strategies for the biological deterioration of cultural heritage. The most used equipment and methods for sampling in both indoor and outdoor environments (passive-sedimentation plates and active impactor for air, contact plates and membranes for surfaces) will be described. The aerobiological monitoring, always combined with microclimatic monitoring, along with information on the artifact and its conservation status, allows to defining situations of potential biologic risk. All the information and data gathered create the baseline for setting up management protocols, defining tailored corrective strategies aimed at preventing damage to cultural heritage and reducing risks to the health of operators and users. New perspectives for this discipline could arise thanks to (a) the development of user-friendly technologies and instrumentations for aerobiological monitoring and sampling of surfaces; (b) the definition of threshold levels of biological risk to the different types of cultural heritage; (c) the creation of a card of “biodeterioration risk” (international database). [2]
Aerobiology and passive restoration of biological soil crusts
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) exist commonly on soil surfaces in many arid and semiarid areas, and disturbed soil surfaces in more mesic environments. BSCs perform many essential ecological functions. Substantial resources have been invested trying to restore or replace BSCs that have been damaged by anthropogenic disturbances, with various levels of success. The nexus of sciences related to BSC establishment and restoration, and to aerobiology suggests that crusts are established and re-established naturally via commonly occurring ecological processes. Formation of BSCs can be accelerated by implementing traditional or novel land rehabilitation techniques that create near-surface turbulence that facilitates the deposition of airborne BSC organisms. Sexual and asexual propagules of BSC organisms are found naturally in the atmosphere and are transported up to very long distances between continents and hemispheres. Whether restoration of BSCs occurs naturally in this fashion, or through efforts to produce and disseminate artificial inoculants, success is ultimately moderated and governed by the timing and frequency of adequate precipitation relative to the arrival of viable propagules on suitable substrates at appropriate times of year. For the greatest ecological and economic benefit, we suggest that efforts should focus on minimizing the scope and scale of unnecessary anthropogenic disturbance to BSC communities. [3]
Aerobiology on Commercial Air Routes
WHILE I was a passenger from New Zealand to the United Kingdom in September 1947, I was able to expose microscope slides on a stick held out from commercial flying boats, and I trapped as many as 143 pollen grains and 273 fungal spores on 7·5 sq. cm. of adhesive surface exposed for five minutes at 140 knots (about 160 m.p.h.). Proctor1 outlines a number of complicated constructions for exposure of slides from aeroplanes; but the simple method I have used makes it possible for biologists travelling as ordinary passengers on commercial aircraft to contribute to our knowledge of aerobiology. The method is due to a suggestion by Mr. E. A. Madden of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Zealand, to run a leading wire before the slides to break up the pressure cone, and to streamline the stick behind in order to prevent turbulence from increasing its apparent width. At the lower speed of their aircraft, this may not have been necessary for the single slides of Polunin et al.2; and of Stakman et al.3; but the larger surface of Stakman‘s multi-slide trap may have required some such provision, and hence its poorer performance. My exposures were made through the astro-hatch of the Empire-class flying boat Aotearoa, over the Tasman Sea, and through the window of the steward‘s pantry on the Hythe flying boat, Hobart, thereafter. [4]
Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane Mycoflora of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) from Saudi Arabia
This is the primary comparative study of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane mycoflora of feather palm (date palm) from 3 completely different regions of Saudi Arabia. Samples of roots and rhizosphere soil from the Phoenix dactylifera were collected from Jiddah, Jizan and national capital. a complete variety of eighteen samples were collected. 3 samples from every region were collected and screened for mycoflora throughout the month of might 2017. The mycoflora was aseptically genteel on Potato glucose Agar plates and Czapek Dox agar plates. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of mycoflora was disbursed from the flora cultures on the petri plates. Slides were known by microscopic and large morphological characteristics. a complete of forty eight flora isolates painted by eleven flora genera were isolated from the samples happiness to the 3 categories of fungi i.e. Oomycotina, Zygomycotina and subdivision Ascomycota. The rhizoplane and rhizosphere mycoflora was painted by genus Aspergillus Chaetomium, Cunnighamella, Fusarium, Mucor, Nigrospora, Oidiodendron, fungus genus, Phytopthora, mold and Syncephalastrum. the foremost predominant genera were genus Aspergillus followed by mold. The rhizoplane mycoflora was lesser than the rhizosphere mycoflora in Jiddah and Jizan. national capital recorded equal variety of each rhizoplane and rhizosphere mycoflora. The flora genera isolated ar soil borne saprophytic, antagonistic or phytopathogenic fungi of the Phoenix dactylifera. the knowledge on the phytopathogenic mycoflora is very important to plant pathologists and date growers in these regions in order that they will take up necessary phytosanitary measures to forestall harm to the date crop. This study will facilitate in dominant the diseases, harm and economic losses to the date crop. [5]
Reference
[1] Gomes, C., Ribeiro, H. and Abreu, I., 2019. Aerobiology of Cupressaceae in Porto city, Portugal. Aerobiologia, 35(1), pp.97-103. (Web Link)
[2] Caneva, G., De Nuntiis, P., Fornaciari, M., Ruga, L., Valenti, P. and Pasquariello, G., Aerobiology applied to the preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Aerobiologia, pp.1-5. (Web Link)
[3] Warren, S.D., Clair, L.L.S. and Leavitt, S.D., 2019. Aerobiology and passive restoration of biological soil crusts. Aerobiologia, 35(1), pp.45-56. (Web Link)
[4] Aerobiology on Commercial Air Routes
Nature 161, 275–276 (1948) (Web Link)
[5] Manzelat, S. (2017) “Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane Mycoflora of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) from Saudi Arabia”, International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 20(6), pp. 1-11. doi: 10.9734/IJPSS/2017/38315. (Web Link)