Gender Differences in Depression
From early adolescence through adulthood, women are twice as likely as men to experience depression. many various explanations for this gender difference in depression are offered, but none seems to completely explain it. Recent research has focused on gender differences in stress responses, and in exposure to certain stressors. I review this research and describe how gender differences in stress experiences and stress reactivity may interact to make women’s greater vulnerability to depression. [1]
Gender Differences in Preferences
This paper reviews the literature on gender differences in economic experiments. within the three main sections, we identify robust differences in risk preferences, social (other-regarding) preferences, and competitive preferences. We also speculate on the source of those differences, also as on their implications. Our hope is that this text will function a resource for those seeking to know gender differences and to use as a start line to illuminate the talk on gender-specific outcomes within the labor and goods markets. [2]
Performance in Competitive Environments: Gender Differences
Even though the supply of equal opportunities for men and ladies has been a priority in many countries, large gender differences prevail in competitive high-ranking positions. Suggested explanations include discrimination and differences in preferences and human capital. during this paper we present experimental evidence in support of a further factor: women could also be less effective than men in competitive environments, albeit they’re ready to perform similarly in non-competitive environments. during a laboratory experiment we observe, as we increase the competitiveness of the environment, a big increase in performance for men, but not for ladies . This leads to a big gender gap in performance in tournaments, while there’s no gap when participants are paid consistent with piece rate. [3]
Gender Differences in Familiar Face Recognition and the Influence of Sociocultural Gender Inequality
Are gender differences in face recognition influenced by familiarity and socio-cultural factors? Previous studies have reported gender differences in processing unfamiliar faces, consistently finding a female advantage and a female own-gender bias. However, researchers have recently highlighted that unfamiliar faces are processed less efficiently than familiar faces, which have more robust, invariant representations. To-date, no study has examined whether gender differences exist for familiar face recognition. the present study addressed this by employing a famous faces task during a large, web-based sample of > 2000 participants across different countries. We also sought to look at if differences varied by socio-cultural gender equality within countries. [4]
Preauricular Sinus: Presentation, Laterality Pattern, Ethnic and Gender Differences among Nigerians
Background: Preauricular sinus (PAS) may be a benign congenital malformation evident as a dell, sinus, or fissure usually located at or near the basis of the anterior horn of the helix. This study aims to work out the incidence, laterality pattern with ethnic and gender differences among Nigerians.
Methods: The study was a cross sectional descriptive survey conducted in March 2015 using structured questionnaire.
Results: there have been total of 374 participants with their ages ranged from (3 to 80) years. Majority were Yoruba 298(79.5%) followed by Igbo 40(10.7%). Fifty respondents have preauricular sinus giving a prevalence of 13.3% and majority of the affected 32(64%) were female. Thirty four (68%) of the affected were Yoruba followed by Hausa 9 (18%). Right side was mostly affected in 25(50%) and therefore the right dominant was seen mostly among Yoruba and Igbo while left dominant was seen among Hausa. One person had repeated surgical excision thanks to recurrent infections and sinus discharge while 98.0% were asymptomatic. None of the themes with PAS was found to possess dysmorphic countenance , neither auricular defects nor renal and hearing affectation. [5]
Reference
[1] Nolen-Hoeksema, S., 2001. Gender differences in depression. Current directions in psychological science, 10(5), (Web Link)
[2] Croson, R. and Gneezy, U., 2009. Gender differences in preferences. Journal of Economic literature, 47(2), (Web Link)
[3] Gneezy, U., Niederle, M. and Rustichini, A., 2003. Performance in competitive environments: Gender differences. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(3), (Web Link)
[4] Gender Differences in Familiar Face Recognition and the Influence of Sociocultural Gender Inequality
Maruti V. Mishra, Jirapat Likitlersuang, Jeremy B Wilmer, Sarah Cohan, Laura Germine & Joseph M. DeGutis
Scientific Reports volume 9, (Web Link)
[5] Haastrup Adetunji, A., C. Haastrup, A. and Adedeji Taiwo, O. (2018) “Preauricular Sinus: Presentation, Laterality Pattern, Ethnic and Gender Differences among Nigerians”, Advances in Research, 15(4), (Web Link)