Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation
The endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) area unit supermolecule molecules that will mediate retrograde communication at central synapses and alternative types of short-range vegetative cell communication. The monoglyceride 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) meets many criteria of associate degree endocannabinoid substance: (i) it activates cannabinoid receptors; (ii) it’s made by neurons in associate degree activity-dependent manner; and (iii) it’s chop-chop eliminated. 2-AG inactivation is just partly understood, however it’s going to occur by transport into cells and accelerator chemical reaction. Here we have a tendency to tested the hypothesis that monoglyceride enzyme (MGL), a amino acid hydrolase that converts monoglycerides to carboxylic acid and alcohol, participates in 2-AG inactivation. we have a tendency to cloned MGL by similarity from a rat brain cDNA library. [1]
Fat Mobilization in Adipose Tissue Is Promoted by Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
Mobilization of fatty acids from lipoid stores in fatty tissue needs lipolytic enzymes. Dysfunctional lipolysis affects energy equilibrium and will contribute to the pathologic process of fleshiness and hypoglycaemic agent resistance. Until now, hormone-sensitive enzyme (HSL) was the sole accelerator better-known to change triglycerides in class fatty tissue. Here, we tend to report that a second accelerator, fatty lipoid enzyme (ATGL), catalyzes the initial step in lipoid reaction. it’s fascinating that ATGL contains a “patatin domain” common to plant acyl-hydrolases. ATGL is extremely expressed in fatty tissue of mice and humans. [2]
Lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel
Lipases were screened for his or her ability to transesterify triglycerides with short-chain alcohols to group esters. The enzyme fromMucor miehei was most effective for changing triglycerides to their group esters with primary alcohols, whereas the enzyme fromCandida continent was most effective for transesterifying triglycerides with secondary alcohols to present branched group esters. Conditions were established for changing animal oil to short-chain group esters at quite ninetieth conversion. These same conditions conjointly tested effective for transesterfying vegetable oils and high fatty acid-containing feedstocks to their various group organic compound derivatives. [3]
Surfactant-activated lipase hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced enzymatic performance
Increasing numbers of materials are extensively used as platforms for catalyst immobilization to enhance chemical process performance. However, activity of the foremost of the enzymes was declined when immobilization. Here, we have a tendency to develop a surfactant-activated lipase-inorganic flowerlike hybrid nanomaterials with rational style supported surface activation and self-assembly. The ensuing surfactant-activated enzyme-inorganic hybird nanoflower (activated hNF-lipase) exhibited 460% and two hundredth higher activity than native lipase and traditional lipase-inorganic hybird nanoflower (hNF-lipase). [4]
Optimization of Lipase Production by Bacillus megaterium
Aim: To optimize enzyme production by eubacterium megaterium in submerged fermentation.
Study Design: assortment of oil press fibres and effluent from totally different oil mills settled inside metropolis Municipality. Isolation of eubacterium megaterium by cultivation in medium, submerged fermentation of oil press fibres and effluent by B. megaterium to supply enzyme. Alteration of the cultural conditions to optimize production. [5]
Reference
[1] Dinh, T.P., Carpenter, D., Leslie, F.M., Freund, T.F., Katona, I., Sensi, S.L., Kathuria, S. and Piomelli, D., 2002. Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation. Proceedings of the national Academy of sciences, 99(16), pp.10819-10824. (Web Link)
[2] Zimmermann, R., Strauss, J.G., Haemmerle, G., Schoiswohl, G., Birner-Gruenberger, R., Riederer, M., Lass, A., Neuberger, G., Eisenhaber, F., Hermetter, A. and Zechner, R., 2004. Fat mobilization in adipose tissue is promoted by adipose triglyceride lipase. Science, 306(5700), pp.1383-1386. (Web Link)
[3] Nelson, L.A., Foglia, T.A. and Marmer, W.N., 1996. Lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 73(9), pp.1191-1195. (Web Link)
[4] Surfactant-activated lipase hybrid nanoflowers with enhanced enzymatic performance
Jiandong Cui, Yamin Zhao, Ronglin Liu, Cheng Zhong & Shiru Jia
Scientific Reports volume 6, Article number: 27928 (2016) (Web Link)
[5] Ilesanmi Festus, F. and Queen Phebe, A. (2017) “Optimization of Lipase Production by Bacillus megaterium”, Biotechnology Journal International, 18(2), pp. 1-11. doi: 10.9734/BJI/2017/32505. (Web Link)