Adenosine Triphosphate Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) is a purine nucleotide found in every cell of the human body. In addition to its well established role in cellular metabolism, extracellular ATP and its breakdown product adenosine, exert pronounced effects in a variety
Read MoreImportance of RNA isolation methods for analysis of exosomal RNA: Evaluation of different methods Exosomes are small RNA containing vesicles of endocytic origin, which can take part in cell-to-cell communication partly by the transfer of exosomal RNA between cells. Exosomes
Read MoreProteomic profiling of metalloprotease activities with cocktails of active-site probes Metalloproteases are a large, diverse class of enzymes involved in many physiological and disease processes. Metalloproteases are regulated by post-translational mechanisms that diminish the effectiveness of conventional genomic and proteomic
Read MoreDesign of Peptides and Proteins This chapter focuses on contemporary approaches to the design of structurally defined peptides and proteins with special emphasis being given to the ways in which this approach has elucidated the structural basis for the function
Read MoreA toxicologist guide to the diagnostic interpretation of hepatic biochemical parameters Assessing liver damage in basic toxicology research and in preclinical toxicity testing is usually evaluated by serum biochemical parameters prior to confirmation by histopathology. With the advent of newer
Read MoreBiogeochemical nutrient cycles and nutrient management strategies Nutrient loading by riverine input into estuarine systems has increased by 6–50 times for the N load from pristine conditions to present, whereas a 18–180 times increase has been observed in the P
Read MoreReproductive functions of the ageing male Delayed childbearing is a common phenomenon in industrialized countries. This review focuses on age-associated alterations of male fertility and genetic risks. Semen volume, sperm motility and sperm morphology decrease with age, whereas the data
Read MorePeroxisome Biogenesis Fifteen years ago, we had a model of peroxisome biogenesis that involved growth and division of preexisting peroxisomes. Today, thanks to genetically tractable model organisms and Chinese hamster ovary cells, 23 PEX genes have been cloned that encode
Read MoreBIOCHEMISTRY Biochemistry is a field of enormous fascination and utility, arising, no doubt, from our own self-interest. Human welfare, particularly its medical and nutritional aspects, has been vastly improved by our rapidly growing understanding of biochemistry. Indeed, scarcely a day
Read MorePretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass Lignocellulosic biomass represents a rather unused source for biogas and ethanol production. Many factors, like lignin content, crystallinity of cellulose, and particle size, limit the digestibility of the hemicellulose and cellulose
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